
Of the many visas that are used to live and work in the US, few are as sought after as E-class visas. A perfect option for certain entrepreneurs and traders, E visas are relatively inexpensive to obtain (beyond your investment), do not require a job offer, and can be renewed an unlimited number of times. But not every investor or trader is eligible. You must be from a treaty country to qualify. Read on to find out exactly what that means and which nations count as E-2 visa treaty countries.
Treaty Countries
Country | Classification | came into force |
Albania | E-2 | January 04, 1998 |
Argentina | E -1 | December 20, 1854 |
Argentina | E-2 | December 20, 1854 |
Armenia | E-2 | March 29, 1996 |
Australia | E-1 | December 16, 1991 |
Australia | E-2 | December 27, 1991 |
Australia 12 | E-3 | September 2, 2005 |
Austria | E- 1 | May 27, 1931 |
Austria | E-2 | May 27, 1931 |
Azerbaijan | E-2 2 of | August 2001 |
Bahrain | E-2 | May 30, 2001 |
Bangladesh | E-2 | July 25, 1989 |
Belgium | E-1 | October 3, 1963 |
Belgium | E-2 of | October 3, 1963 |
Bolivia | E-1 | November 9, 1862 |
Bolivia 13 | E-2 | June 6, 2001 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 | E-1 | November 15, 1982 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 | E-2 | November 15, 1982 |
Brunei | E-1 | July 11, 1853 |
Bulgaria | E-2 2 of | June 1954 |
Shrimp | E-2 | April 6, 1989 |
Canada | E-1 1 ° of | January 1994 |
Canada | E-2 | January 1st, 1994 |
Chile | E-1 1 ° of | January 2004 |
Chile | E-2 | January 1st, 2004 |
China ( Taiwan) 1 | E-1 | November 30, 1948 |
China (Taiwan) 1 | E-2 | November 30, 1948 |
Colombia | E-1 | June and 10, 1948 |
Colombia | E-2 | June 10, June 1948 |
Congo (Brazzaville) | E-2 | August 13, 1994 |
Congo (Kinshasa) | E-2 | July 28, 1989 |
Costa Rica | E-1 | May 26, 1852 |
Costa Rica | E-2 | May 26, 1852 |
Croatia 11 | E-1 | November 15, 1982 |
Croatia 11 | E-2 | November 15, 1982 |
Czech Republic 2 | E-2 | January 1, 1993 |
Denmark 3 | E-1 | July 30, 1961 |
Denmark | E-2 | December 10, 2008 |
Ecuador 14 | E -2 | May 11, 1997 |
Egypt | E-2 | June 27, 1992 |
Estonia | E-1 | May 22, 1926 |
Estonia | E-2 | February 16, 1997 |
Ethiopia | E-1 | October 8, 1953 |
Ethiopia | E-2 | October 8, 1953 |
Finland | E-1 | August 10, 1934 |
Finland | E-2 | December 1, 1992 |
France 4 | E-1 | December 21, 1960 |
France 4 | E-2 | December 21, 1960 |
Georgia | E-2 | August 17, 1997 |
Germany | E-1 | July 14, 1956 |
Germany | E-2 | July 14, 1956 |
Greece | E-1 | October 13, 1954 |
Grenade | E-2 | March 3, 1989 |
Honduras | E-1 | July 19, 1928 |
Honduras | E-2 | July 19, 1928 |
Ireland | E-1 | September 14, 1950 |
Ireland | E-2 | November 18, 1992 |
Israel 15 | E-1 | April 3, 1954 |
Israel 15 | E-2 | May 1, 2019 |
Italy | E-1 | July 26, 1949 |
Italy | E-2 | July 26, 1949 |
Jamaica | E-2 | March 7, 1997 |
Japan 5 | E -1 | October 30, 1953 |
Japan 5 | E-2 | October 30, 1953 |
Jordan | E-1 | December 17, 2001 |
Jordan | E-2 | December 17, 2001 |
Kazakhstan | E-2 | January 12, 1994 |
Korea (South) | E-1 | November 7, 1957 |
Korea (South) | E-2 | November 7, 1957 |
Kosovo 11 | E-1 | November 15, 1882 |
Kosovo 11 | E-2 | November 15, 1882 |
Kyrgyzstan | E-2 | January 12, 1994 |
Latvia | E-1 | July 25, 1928 |
Latvia | E-2 of | December 26, 1996 |
Liberia | E-1 | November 21, 1939 |
Liberia | E-2 | November 21, 1939 |
Lithuania | E-2 | November 22, 2001 |
Luxembourg | E-1 | March 28, 1963 |
Luxembourg | E-2 | March 28, 1963 |
Macedonia 11 | E-1 | November 15, 1982 |
Macedonia 11 | E-2 | November 15, 1982 |
Mexico | E-1 1 ° of | January 1994 |
Mexico | E-2 | January 1st, 1994 |
Moldova | E-2 | November 25, 1994 |
Mongolia | E-2 | January 1st, 1997 |
Montenegro 11 | E-1 | November 15, 1882 |
Montenegro 11 | E-2 | November 15, 1882 |
Morocco | E-2 | May 29, 1991 |
Netherlands 6 | E-1 | December 5, 1957 |
Netherlands 6 | E-2 | December 5, 1957 |
New Zealand 16 | E1 | June 10, 2019 |
New Zealand 16 | E2 of | june 102019 |
Norway 7 | E-1 | January 18, 1928 |
Norway 7 | E-2 | January 18, 1928 |
Oman | E-1 ° of | June 1, 1960 |
Oman | E-2 | June 11, 1960 |
Pakistan | E-1 | February 12, 1961 |
Pakistan | E-2 | February 12, 1961 |
Panama | E-2 | May 30, 1991 |
Paraguay | E-1 | March 07, 1860 |
Paraguay | E-2 | March 07, 1860 |
Philippines | E-1 | September 6, 1955 |
Philippines | E-2 | September 6, 1955 |
Poland | E-1 | August 6, 1994 |
Poland | E-2 | August 6, 1994 |
Romania | E-2 | January 15, 1994 |
Senegal | E-2 | October 25, 1990 |
Serbia 11 | E-1 15 of | November 1882 |
Serbia 11 | E-2 15 de | November 1882 |
Singapore | E-1 1 of | January 2004 |
Singapore | E-2 | January 1, 2004 |
Slovak Republic 2 | E-2 | January 1, 1993 |
Slovenia 11 | E-1 | November 15, 1982 |
Slovenia 11 | E-2 | November 15, 1982 |
Spain 8 | E-1 | April 14, 1903 |
Spain 8 | E-2 | April 14, 1903 |
Sri Lanka | E-2 | May 1, 1993 |
Suriname 9 | E-1 | February 10, 1963 |
Suriname 9 | E -2 | February 10, 1963 |
Sweden | E-1 | February 20, 1992 |
Sweden | E-2 | February 20, 1992 |
Switzerland | E-1 | November 8, 1855 |
Switzerland | E-2 | November 8, 1855 |
Thailand | E-1 | June 8, 1968 |
Thailand | E-2 | June 8, 1968 |
Togo | E-1 | February 5, 1967 |
Togo | E-2 | February 5, 1967 |
Trinidad and Tobago | E-2 | December 26, 1996 |
Tunis ia | E-2 | February 7, 1993 |
Turkey | E-1 | February 15, 1933 |
Turkey | E-2 | May 18, 1990 |
Ukraine | E-2 | November 16, 1996 |
United Kingdom 10 | E-1 | July 03, 1815 |
United Kingdom 10 | E-2 | July 3rd , 1815 |
Yugoslavia 11 | E-1 | November 15, 1882 |
Yugoslavia 11 | E-2 | November 15, 1882 |
Country-specific footnotes
- China (Taiwan) - In accordance with Section 6 of the Taiwan Relations Act, (TRA) Public Law 96-8, 93 Stat, 14, and Executive Order 12143, 44 FR 37191, this agreement which was concluded with Taiwan authorities prior to January 1, 1979, is administered in a non-governmental manner by the American Institute of Taiwan, a non-profit corporation in the District of Columbia, and constitutes neither recognition by Taiwan authorities nor the continuation of any official relationship with Taiwan.
- Czech Republic and Slovak Republic - The Treaty with the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic came into force on December 19, 1992; it entered into force for the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic as separate states on January 1, 1993.
- Denmark - The Treaty that came into force on July 30, 1961 does not apply to Greenland.
- France - The Treaty that came into force on December 21, 1960 applies to the departments of Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana and Réunion.
- Japan - The Treaty that came into force on October 30, 1953 was made applicable to the Bonin Islands on June 26, 1968 and to the Ryukyu Islands on May 15, 1972.
- Netherlands - The Treaty, which entered into force on December 5, 1957, is applicable to Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles.
- Norway - The Treaty that came into force on September 13, 1932 does not apply to Svalbard (Spitzbergen and some smaller islands).
- Spain - The Treaty that came into force on April 14, 1903 is applicable to all territories.
- Suriname - The Treaty with the Netherlands, which came into force on December 5, 1957, became applicable to Suriname on February 10, 1963.
- United Kingdom - The Convention which came into force on July 3, 1815 applies only to the British territory in Europe (the British Isles (except the Republic of Ireland), the Channel Islands and Gibraltar) and the "inhabitants" of that territory. This term, as used in the Convention, means "one who actually and permanently resides at a particular place, and has his domicile there". In addition, to qualify for treaty trader or treaty investor status under this treaty, the foreign national must be a citizen of the United Kingdom. Individuals who hold the nationality of Commonwealth members other than the United Kingdom do not qualify for treaty trader or treaty investor status under this treaty.
- Yugoslavia - The U.S. view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has been dissolved and that the successors that formerly constituted SFRY - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo continue to be bound by the treaty in force with SFRY and the time of dissolution.
- The E-3 visa is for citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia who wish to enter the United States to perform services in a "specialty occupation. The term "specialty occupation" means an occupation that requires the theoretical and practical application of a highly specialized body of knowledge, and obtaining a bachelor's degree or higher in the specific specialty (or its equivalent) as a minimum for entry into the occupation in the United States. The definition is the same as the Immigration and Nationality Act definition of an H-1B specialty occupation.
- Bolivia - Bolivian citizens with qualified investments in effect in the United States through June 10, 2012 continue to be eligible for E-2 classification through June 10, 2022. The only Bolivian nationals (except those qualifying for derivative status based on a family relationship report with an E-2 principal alien) who may qualify for E-2 visas at this time are those applicants who are coming to the United States to engage in E-2 activity in the promotion of covered investments established or acquired prior to June 10, 2012.
- Ecuadorian citizens with qualifying investments in effect in the United States through May 18, 2018 continue to be eligible for E-2 classification through May 18, 2028. The only Ecuadorian nationals (except those qualifying for derivative status based on a family relationship with an E-2 principal alien) who may qualify for E-2 visas at this time are those applicants who are coming to the United States to engage in E-2 activity in the promotion of covered investments in the establishment d or acquired prior to May 18, 2018.
- Israel: In accordance with a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation between the United States and Israel that entered into force on April 3, 1954, entitled citizens of Israel to E-1 status for treaty traders purposes. Citizens of Israel are not entitled to E-2 classification for treaty investor purposes under that treaty. Public Law 112-130 (June 8, 2012), grants citizens of Israel E-2 status for treaty investor purposes if the Government of Israel grants similar nonimmigrant status to citizens of the United States. The Department has confirmed that Israel provides reciprocal treaty investor treatment for U.S. citizens and the E-2 visa can be issued to citizens of Israel beginning May 1, 2019.
- New Zealand: Public Law 115-226, enacted on August 1, 2018, granted New Zealand nationals for E-1 and E-2 status for treaty negotiator/treaty investor purposes if the New Zealand government grants similar nonimmigrant status to U.S. nationals. The Department has confirmed that New Zealand offers similar nonimmigrant status to U.S. nationals and that E visas may be issued to New Zealand nationals beginning June 10, 2019.
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